792
St. Cuthbert and annexed to Duddingston (c). The parish church stands a,t
West-Duddingston, at the south-east base of Arthur's seat. It is a very ancient
fabric, and its arches and ornaments, when examined with antiquarian eyes,
may seem to be as antique as the days of Dodin. [In 1883 it had 287 com-
municants.]
The name of the parish of CRAMOND is merely a corruption of the British
Caer-amon, the fort on the Almond (d); and the site of the Roman station
and the place of the modern town, which are both the same, are on the eastern
bank of the Almond river, at its influx into the Forth. David I., when he was
studious to introduce English barons into Scotland, granted one half of the
manor of Cramond with the church, to Robert Avenel, and among his other
liberalities, Avenel transferred both to the bishop of Dunkeld (e). Nether-
Cramond, whereon stood the church, at the mouth of the Almond, was from
that transfer called Bishop's Cramond, while the other half of this manor,
which long remained in the crown, was known by the name of King's Cramond.
The bishops of Dunkeld had a residence at Cramond, and in 1210, Richard
de Prebenda, the bishop, died here, and was buried in the neighbouring
monastery of Inchcolm, to which he had granted 20 shillings a-year, from the
church of Cramond (f). In the ancient Taxatio, the church of Cramond does
not appear among the churches in the deanery of Linlithgow, as it was rated
with the churches within the bishopric of Dunkeld. It continued a mensal
church of the bishops of that diocese, till the Reformation dissolved such con-
nections. The cure was served by a vicar, and he was appointed by the
bishops, who drew the parsonage tithes, while the vicar enjoyed the small tithes.
In Bagimont's Roll as it stood under James V., the vicarage of Cramond was
taxed at £4 among the extra-benefices of the bishopric of Dunkeld. In the
church of Cramond there were of old two altars. The one was consecrated to
(c)  In 1681 the presbytery of Edinburgh ordained an aisle to be added to the church of Dudding-
ston, at the expense of the proprietor of Prestonfield. for the use of himself and his tenants.    Stat.
Acco., xviii., 366.
(d)  In the charters of the 12th and 13th centuries, that name is written Caramond.    Chart. Inch-
colm ; Dalrymp. Col.
(e)  Dalrymple's Col., 397.    Robert Avenel died in 1185.    Chron. Melros.
(/') Chart. Inchcolm, No. 3; Fordun, 1. viii. c., 75. In 1256, the dean and chapter of Dunkeld
confirmed the pious donation of bishop Richard. Chart. Inchcolm, No. 17. In 1357, John,
the bishop of Dunkeld issued a precept to Thomas, the perpetual vicar of Cramond, directing
him to pay the monks of Inchcolm 40 shillings sterling from the revenues of his church. Ib. 4.
In addition, the monks of Inchcolm had a rent of 23s. 4d., from the mills of Cramond. Inquisit.
Speciales, xvii., 94. The abbey of Inchcolm became thus the convenient burial-place of the bishops
of Dunkeld.