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during the seven years or so in which the harbour works have been in
progress. Captain Glen Liston, I.M.S., who has written on the subject,
has referred to this association of the harbour works and malaria. He
says :-" Moreover, it assumes an additional interest in view of the
fact that the present epidemic seems to be associated in some way
with the construction of the new docks."
In the few days that we had at our disposal we were able to see,
owing to the kindness of Captain McKendrick, I.M.S., who is engaged
in anti-malaria work in Bombay, the conditions associated with this
epidemic.
The works in question covered an extensive site; immediately
outside this along the Frere Road was the part of Bombay most severely
affected, though the condition of epidemic malaria extended for
nearlly half a mile into the city as ascertained by Captain McKendrick
in his preliminary enquiries.
We satisfied ourselves that here we had, in addition to many in-
teresting points we have not the space to touch upon,-
(1) The formation of a focus of intense malaria by a large labour
aggregation.
(2)  The implication secondarily of the inhabitants of Bombay.
That there existed indeed an aggregation of labour which was
involving not only a few European and others connected with it, as
in the Duars, but a large portion of the very heart of a populous city,
a portion that should otherwise have been almost free from the
disease.
As Captain McKendrick pointed out many of the houses most
affected were of good class and the residents well-to-do people. En-
quiry, however, elicited the fact that many coolies with no residence
and but few belongings are accustomed to spend the night on the pave-
ments ; and to judge from their accounts many have spent years in this
homeless state. In the very streets most affected we saw many coolies
living in this way. This state of affairs, which one could scarcely have
predicted without direct observation, would in itself be sufficient to