8.
as many as 180,720 persons .(Jullundur  135,454, Hoshiárpur 45,266) submitted
to the operation, and all but 3,815 of these were inoculated by the end of March
1901.    The statistics relating to the inoculations done in the hot weather of 1900
and  in the spring of 1901 were not as accurate as those relating to the  inocula-
tions previously done in the Punjab.    The epidemic was more extended  and  the
plague staff was harder worked, while the attempt, hitherto maintained, to deal
thoroughly with each infected village by compulsory measures, was abandoned.
The statistics, however, have been compiled with great labour and after very
careful checking of the registers containing the names of the persons inoculated
as well as those containing the names of persons who were attacked by and died
of plague.    There is, therefore,   some  reason  to  believe  that  they  are  fairly
trustworthy.    From them  the Chief Plague Medical Officer in paragraphs  71
and 72 of his Inoculation Report for 1900 01   has  been  able to  show  that in
comparison with the epidemic of 1897-98 the incidence  of plague attacks on the
population of regularly infected villages within the inoculated area was reduced
to less than half and the case mortality in  that area was reduced from 62 to 40
per cent., while outside that area   the  case  mortality   in   1900-01   was   slightly
greater than that of \ill\897-98 and the incidence  of plague  attacks  was  greater
than it was in the  inoculated  area  in  the  same  year.    The  figures  for  case
mortality outside the inoculated area afford  reason to believe that  the  disease
had not  naturally  undergone any  decrease of  virulence, and   " in the absence
of any other  known factor"   the  advantage  of   1900-01   over 1897-98   in the
inoculated area   " may be attributed   to inoculation.3'    A statement  regarding
selected villages incorporated  in  paragraph   73   of  the   Chief  Plague  Medical
Officer's   Report   shows  that   inoculation   in   the  hot   weather  of   1900   con-
ferred   distinct  advantage upon  the  people in   protecting  them  from   plague
attacks in 1901, and  that this   advantage   was  increased in the  case   of  those
villages which were also inoculated during the spring   of   1901.    In villages not
inoculated in the hot weather of 1900 or in the spring of 1901, 379 per  cent,   of
the population was attacked and  the  case  mortality  was 68.88  per  cent ;   in
villages of which 83.5 per cent, of the  inhabitants   were  inoculated only   in   the
spring of 1901, the rate of attack was 2 66 per cent, and the case mortality  was
54.34 per cent. ; in villages of which 91.1 per cent, of the inhabitants were inocu-
lated in the hot weather of 1900 and in which no inoculations were  done  in   the
spring of 1901, the attack rate was 2.23 per cent., with a case mortality of 4902 per
cent. ; and villages inoculated both in the hot weather of 1900 and the  spring of
1901 (86.6 per cent, of the inhabitants being done in the  hot  weather  and   71.7
per cent, in the spring) had the lowest rates of attacks and   case   mortality,   viz.,
2.05 and 40.97 per cent, respectively.    These figures relate to  villages  in  which
there was no plague between May   1900 and   the epidemic  of   1900 01, and the
inoculations of 1900  taken   into  account   were   all   done  after- May   1900  and
principally   in   July.    In  paragraph  46  of  his report  referred  to,  the   Chief
Plague Medical Officer gives details for  13 villages in Jullundur and 13 villages
in   Hoshiárpur   to  illustrate   the results   of  the  inoculations  of the spring of
1901.    All  these  villages  are   selected   because  there  was  reason   to  believe
that  the   statistics relating   to   them   were   specially   correct,   and    all   but   3
had  been  inoculated  in the   hot   weather  of   1900.     All  persons  inoculated
before September 1900  are  reckoned  in  the  statement  as   uninoculated,   and
since  the  inoculations  of  the  hot  weather  of   1900 appear to have exerted a
considerable  influence  on   the  epidemic  now  in  question,   the   Chief   Plague
Medical  Officer's figures do not show the full extent to which the inoculated had
an advantage over the uninoculated.    They show, however, that in a total   popu-
lation  of  36,154  exposed   to  infection,   and which was calculated to consist of
a daily   average  of   11,959  uninoculated   and   24,195  inoculated  persons,   the
percentage  of attacks  among  the former was 369 per cent, as compared with
1.32   per cent,   on   the  latter,   while  the  case mortality  of  the   uninoculated
was  52.15   per  cent,  as  compared  with   32.60  per   cent,   for  the inoculated.
After the   climax   of   the    epidemic    of    the    spring    of    1901,  inoculations
were   introduced   into  infected   districts   outside  Jullundur   and    Hoshiárpur.
In Ferozepore 5,587   persons were  inoculated in   102   villages,   in   Gurdáspur
4,162   persons were  inoculated  in   20  villages, and  in   Siálkot  3,018  persons
were  inoculated in   14 villages.    Since  these operations  were  for   the  most