SATARA DISTRICT.]                               243
the Collector that there was plague in the town. The Mámlatdár of a neighbouring Táluka
even complained of it. The Collector called for an explanation. The Mámlatdár consulted his
Hospital Assistant, who, having no previous experience of plague, gave it as his opinion that
the disease then existing was not plague but remittent fever, which generally prevailed at that
time of the year. The improvement in the mortality in the month of June \vas also calculated
to conceal the identity of the disease. But the common belief in the existence of plague in
May naturally led the people to think of the measures that would be adopted for its suppres-
sion ; and a vague fear of those measures may have led to the concealment of deaths.
Such, at least, is the explanation given by Major Baker, I. M. S., Plague Inspecting Officer,
of the decrease in the mortality during June. Doubtless, an inadequate system of death
registration rendered evasion quite possible.
But the disease soon asserted itself in a manner which could no longer be mistaken, and
on the 7th July 1897 plague was declared epidemic in Karád. During the first 3 days 5 cases
were reported, and, in the week ending 16th July, 26 cases with 14 deaths. A Plague
Hospital was opened on the 13th July, and on the 29th Lieutenant K. V. Kukday, I. M. S.,
arrived in charge of a Plague Flying Column ; while Mr. Clements, Second Assistant
Collector, supervised the arrangements. Captain Smith observes :-
"Trade was altogether paralyzed ; the majority of the municipal members fled. The
utter disorganization that prevailed in the town could hardly be imagined by one who had
not seen it. It was only by the most strenuous exertions on Mr. Clements' part that bearers
could be had to convey the sick to the hospital, and that food could be obtained for the hospital
and segregation camps. Search parties were conducted by Mr. Clements, Dr. Kukday and
Mr. Sapre (Municipal Commissioner), aided by Hospital Assistants and School-masters.
Disinfection and white-washing were being carried out by a staff all too small for the work,
but labour was not to be obtained locally on any terms, and it was not until a large number
of coolies were obtained from Bombay that any headway was made."
The rapidity with which the  epidemic   grew  worse, as well as the proportions which  it
attained, can be better illustrated by a statement of attacks and deaths than by any description :-

Week  ending

Cases.
Deaths.
9th
July
1897
5
...
16th
,,
,,
26
14
23rd
,,
,,
30
20
30th
,,
,,
62
43
6th
August
,,
95
65
13th
,,
,,
117
102
20th
,,
,,
208
149
27th
,,
,,
247
192
3rd
September 
1897
230
186
10th
,,
,,
142
112
17th
,,
,,
101
79
24th
,,
,,
60
46
Total


1,323
1,008
It must be remembered that of the total population-12,086-a large proportion fled;
and it  will then be seen that, concealment and flight considered, twelve is a low estimate
of the percentage mortality,  and that  considerably more  than  one-tenth  of the  actual
inhabitants were swept away in less than three months.
It will be observed from the figures that the epidemic showed signs of declining in
the beginning of September. On the 2nd of September, Captain J. B. Smith had
relieved Lieutenant Kukday of the charge of the Flying Column ; on the 3rd, Lieutenant Gr.