362 Measures to prevent the spread of infection by sea. [CHAP. XI. up to eight days from the date of departure from the infected port. Precautions against arrivals from Cutch. The outbreak of a violent epidemic of plague in Cutch-Mandvi was a serious menace to other ports in the Bombay Presidency with which it is in constant communication, and special arrangements were made to prevent the spread of infection by arrivals from the Cutch port. Quarantine at Aden, The quarantine arrangements at Aden were the subject of con- siderable correspondence, the fact that Aden is the port of call for ships sailing from India to Europe rendered the matter specially important and difficult. The history of quarantine at Aden has already been described, and it has been stated that the rules framed for Aden against arrivals from Bombay in October 1896 followed the general rules issued for Indian ports against Hong-kong in 1894, and were somewhat stricter than those enforced against Bom- bay at ports on the Indian mainland, inasmuch that they required eight days' quarantine of healthy vessels which did not carry a quali- fied medical officer. Modifications of the Aden Rules. Subsequently certain modifications were made in the Aden rules, of which the most important was the imposition of ten days' quarantine from the date of departure from Bombay or Karachi on persons landing at Aden. This rule was introduced on the 3rd February, with the previous sanction of the Governor General in Council, because the voyage from Bombay and Karachi does not occupy the full ten days which has been recognised for practical purposes as the maximum incubation period. It was also decided in correspondence with the Government of Bombay that the Health Officer should not, for fear of being compromised, visit the vessel until the ten days' period expired, and that vessels using Aden merely as a port of call, and not holding communication with the port, need not be examined or detained. The Government of Bombay undertook the amendment of the rules in accordance with these decisions, in communication with the Resident at Aden, but before this work was completed the whole question of sea quarantine had been reconsidered in the light of the provisions of the Venice Sanitary Convention. The Government of Bombay reported on the 30th April that no practical difficulty was being experienced in working the Aden rules, Revised rules issued by the Government of Madras. Before the general discussion of quarantine in the light of the Venice Convention commenced, the Government of Madras proposed (on the 3rd April) important modifications in the rules in force in the ports of the Madras Presidency, based on the orders of the English