SLATER'S
SCOTLAND.
DIRECTORY.
^nid to its marbles, whicli prove little, if at all, inferior in colour or polisli to those of Italy. Scotland cannot, at present, exhibit many
jjf the precious metals, though considerable quantities, both of gold and silver, have ,at different periods been obtained from her bowels,
nd it ia not improbable that the time may arrive when these treasures will again be laid open. Copper has been discovered in many
places, though, at present, it is no where wrought to any considerable extent; but a very rich mine of antimony has been worked, richer,
it is lifliovod, ihan any at present known. Most of the gems and precious stones, with the exception of the diamond, have also been found
in ScDaud. Manufactures of various kinds are in a very thriving condition. In printed cottons, and figured goods, in shawls, &c. it
equais tliose of England; shawls especially, for which Paisley has become highly celebrated; and the glass and stoneware are scarcely
SurpKS^od anywhere. In linens, particularly those for the table, Dunfermline has long been famous. Manufactures of broad cloth, silka,
and gauzos are also upon a respectable footing. The intercourse with England daily becomes more frequent {thanks to the rail), to the
mutual a Ivantage oiE both countries. This has the effect of rendering the manners, dress, iind language of both alike, and extinguishing
all national prejudice. The dress of the Lowlanders resembles that of the Enghsh : that peculiar to the Highlanders, though not so com-
mon as formerly, is still worn by many ; it is composed of woollen stuff, called " tartan," of various colours, checkered. Many wear a sort
of petticoat, reaching to the knees, and called a " kilt." The stockings, made of similar checkered stuff, are short, and tied below the
• knee by tartan garters, with tassels.
The Sf'otg are uniformly sober and frugal: instead of lavishing their gains they are wisely laid by or economically expended
to enable them to livp in comfort, and make a respectable appearance. Intelligence is more common than in most countries,
owing to the Humbe' of excellent parochial schools, and the cheapness with which education is acquired; and there are few
branches of liters* .rein which the Scotch have failed in attaining a degree of excellence, although they cannot boast of many
authors at an ',.rly period. Before the abolition of episcopacy, the ancient church establishment was composed of two arch-
bishoprics ^-^a twelve bishopi'ics. The National religion is now the Presbyterian, founded on an equality among its pastors. A
very 'i'.uuential and numerous body, denominated the "Free Church of Scotland," was contituted in 1843, and the members hava
■'' »^3ei) increasing in number from that time. The clergy of Scotland are well educated, and singularly exemi^lary in their morals.
Roman Catholics, of whom the number is not very considerable, are tolerated, as well as Episcopalians, and various dissenters from
the Estabhshcd Church. There are four Universities; tbat of St. Andrew, founded in 1412; that of Glasgow, founded in U33; that
ot^berdeen, founded in 15D0; and that of Edinburgh, founded by James VI. in 1582. Since the union of the two kingdoms, which
ewKit took place in 1706, the political government has been the same with that of England;, the civil code, however, and the
manner of administering justice are different. Of this, and of the principal events which have occurred in Scotland, more particular
notice will be taken in the hiscorical description of Edinburgh. Scotland, though neither so rich nor so populous as the southern
division of the island, has long borne a name for martial exploits; and of late she has risen to as great eminence in hterature
and tUft arts.
Divisions, Representative System, Population, Ac— The mainland of North Britain is naturally divided into three portions.
The extremity is parted ^rom the centre by the Moray Frith, Loch Ness, Loch Lochy, and Loch Linnhe, connected with each other by
the Caledonifiii i:aniii. The midland portion is again parted from the southern by the Friths of Forth and Clyde, the River Forth, Ben
Lomond, and its coguomipal lake. These are again unequally sub-divided into thirty-three counties, which, in the following table, com-
prisiiiff the sheriffdoms, stewaitries, and the bailiewicks, and the chief towns, are arranged according to their situation.
NORTHERN DIVISION.
S'i'.i>\is. ^ ; Sheriffdoms and other Sitbdivisions.
Caithness ilnclnded with Bute
Inverness i^yr, Strathglass, Skye, Harris, Badenoch, Lochaher, and Glenmorrison
Orliney ilsles of Orkney and Shetland
JRoss •-'••• I 'East and West Ross, Lewis. Lochbroom, Lochcarron, Ardmeannach, Redcastle, Ferrin- 1
and I i tosh, Strathpeffer, and Ferrindonald J
- Cromarty iWest of Murray, and Cromarty
Sutherland iStrathnever and Sutherland :
1 MIDLAND DIVISION.
Aberdeen iMar, Buchan, Garloch, and Strathbogie
Angus, or Forfar JForfar, Angus
Argyle 'Argvie, Cowal, Knapdale,Kintvre & Lorn, Islay, Jura, Mull, Dist, Tyrie Coll & Lismore . .
B.tnff ....'" ■ "' " " '^ ' "" " ,.--,,
Bute
Clackm annan
Dumbarton
Fife
Kincardine or Mearns.
Jftxnross
■Moray, or Elgin
Nftirn
Perth
Stirling
Chief Towm.
Wick
Inverness
Kirkwall
Tain
Cromarty
Durnook
Banff, Strathdeveron, Boyne, Enzy, Bulveney, Strathaven, and part of Buchan .
Bute, Arran, Caithness
Included with Fife
Lennox , jEimubartoa
Fife : [Cupar & St. Andr«w»
Mearns iS'-^nnhav^'^
Aberdeen
Forfar andDund»«
Inverarv
Banff
Rothesay
Cnlrogg *
Ayr
Berwick, or Merse
Dumfries
Ediab'trgh
Haddinwton
Kircudbright
Lanark
Unlitbgow
Peebles
Itenfrew
Roxburgh.
Selkirk
Wigtown
Part of Fife
Moray and Strathspey .
Included with Cromarty
Perth, Athol, Gowiy, Breadalbane, Monteith, Strathearn, Stormont, Glensfaield & RajTiock
KinroBS.
Elgin "'
Nairn
Perth
Stirhng Stii-ling
SOUTHERN DIVISION. 1
Kyle, Carrick, and Cunningham JAyv .
The Marches and Lauderdale Lauder
Nithsdale. Annandale iDunifries
Mid Lothian Edinburgh
East Lothian ■;■. iHadlSjii^'on
East part of Galloway ;. .' iKirlccudbcight
Clydesdale iGlasgtisP^-
West Lothian 'Linlithgow
Tweedale.
Renfrew
Tiviotdale, Liddisdale, Eskdale and Ewsdale.
Ettrick Forest , ,
West part of Galloway
Peebles
Paisley and Renfrew
Jedburgh
Selkirk
Wigtown
The Parliamentary Representation of Scotland, as decided by the Reform Bill, is as follows: — Aberdeenshire, Ayrshire and Lanarkshire
return two members, the other counties return one member, except Clackmannan and Kinross, which jointly send one, the same with
the shires of Cromarty and Ross, and those of Elgin and Nairn: so that the thirty-three counties arc represented by thirty-three
members. Kdinburgh "and Dundee return two members each, Glasgow three, Aberdeen, Greenock, Paisley and Perth one each. The
Uwiversities of Edinburgh and St. Andrews return one jointly, so also those of Glasgow and Aberdeen. The following combined or
contributory burghs also send one jointly : making the whole number of representatives sixty.
PARLIAMENTARY DISTRICTS OF BURGHS.
Avn :— Ayr, Campbeltown, Inverary, Irvine and Oban. i Kilmarnock:— Dumbarton, Kilmarnock, Port Glasgow, Renfrew
Ou:iiFKTEs: — Annan, Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, Lochmaben and! and Rutherglen.
ftanquhar. _ ^ _ _ „ _ Leith:— Leith, Blusselburgh and Portobello.
Queensferry and
i<:LGi.-. :— Banff, Cullen, Elgin, Inverui-ie, Kintore and Peterhead.
Falkirk : —Airdrie, Falkirk, Hamilton, Lanark and Linlithgow.
Hadpinoton: — Dunbar, Haddington, Jedburgh, Lauder and
North Berwick.
Bawiix-— Hawick, Galasbiels and Selkirk.
Imvf.riiI-'.^s: — Forres, Fortrose, Inverness and Nairn.
KlUKCAtOY: — Burntisland, Dysart, Kinghorn and Kirkcaldy
Population of the Kingdom, as exhibited by the Government returns at the following periods:— In the year 1801, the number of
inhftHtants was 1,6^3,420; in 13U, 1,805,364; in 1321, 2,091,521; in 1831, 2,364,336; in 1841, 2,620,184; in 1851, 2,888.742- in 1861 8062 294-
ar.i in IS71. 3.360.018. > > » » , , .^ •
The total annual value of Real Property in Scotland, as assessed in April, 1815. was £6,652.655; ihe new valued rent of the coandes
in ISrAl'-Q was £8,883,935, exclusive of the annual value of Real Property in the royal and parliamentary burghs which amoiaated to
Montrose :— Arbroath, Bi-echin, Forfar, Iverbervie and Montrose.
St. Andrews :—Anstruther {East and West), Crail, Cupar, Kilrenny,
Pittenweem and St. Andrews.
Stirling:— Culross, Dunfermline, Inverkeithing
Stirlinsr.
Wick:— Cromarty, Dingwall, Dornoch, Kirkwall, Tain and Wick.
Wigtown: — New Galloway, Stranraer, Whithorn and Wigtown.
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