164

   41. Bhang is said by the gosavis that it is
digestive.

   (b) It is an excitant, and under the influence of
the drug the persons of habitual use work without
feeling fatigue.

   (c) and (d) Not known.

   42. Not known.

   44. The immediate effect is excitement. It is
felt refreshing for the time being. It is not
intoxicant to the habitual consumer, but it is so to
a new person. While under influence of it the
man may not feel appetite, but it does not allay
it entirely. It has no particular effect in creating
appetite, but men are seen to require greater
quantity of food when they become habitual
consumers than when they were not; but it has
no immediate effect of this kind. Occasional
consumer also takes greater quantity of food for
one subsequent meal. On habitual consumer the
effect lasts apparently for an hour or so and on
occasional consumer for some hours and in propor-
tion to the quantity taken. On the habitual con-
sumer there are not apparently any of the so-
called after-effects except that they are weaker, of
changed complexion (sallow) and temper, but
these are not immediate. On the occasional con-
sumer there are depression of spirits, languor,
melancholy, and disinclination to work, constipa-
tion. To the habitual consumer such a want
causes great uneasiness, craving and longing; but
to any other man, who once has used it, would
not necessarily like to take it again.

   45. Using these drugs moderately is a very
uncertain thing. However, those who are seen
to use them pretty moderately are seen growing
weaker and sallower; are easily excited and moved
and become of weak and blunt intellect. So they
impair the constitution. As it is seen to cause
increase in the quantity of food required for a
meal without in proportion causing the system
robust, it must be regarded to interfere with the
digestion and nutrition, though it does not cause
loss of appetite. As it breaks down the constitu-
tion it may predispose to these diseases. It in
duces laziness. It has been observed to weaken
the intellect. Many of the insane eases have a
history of the habit; but still a number of persons
use it through life without an attack of insanity.
It is more of an exciting than a predisposing
cause. The type of insanity is mania generally,
of course preceded by melancholia; and as it pro-
duces decrease of nervous power, this disease is
more likely to be permanent, or if it has ensued
after a recent habit it may be temporary.

   47 and 48. Not known.

   49. I have known people to make use of these
drugs to increase sexual powers; but, as far as
I am aware of, it is used by males only.
People who resort to these drugs are generally in
a weak state of health engendered by loose habits
and excesses, and amongst such people even
moderate use of such drugs produces injurious
effects. I am not aware of the use of hemp pro-
ducing impotence as a direct cause.

   50. Excessive use of any of these drugs produces
more disastrous results, in that the people who
indulge in excess are always found in a state of
moral weakness and thus become predisposed to
organic diseases.

   56. No opinion to offer.

85. Evidence of HOSPITAL ASSISTANT JAMIATRAM JEYASHUNKER, Nagar Brahmin,
West Hospital, Rajkot, Kattiawar.

   1. During my five years' (1879 to 1883) service
in Sind and Afghanistan, I noticed, specially in
Sind, that as hospitality people offer first to eat
some sweet. thing, and over this instead of giving
water to drink they give generally what is called
" thandai," a liquid preparation composed of
bhang, sugar, etc. Generally they use thandai
daily after noon, with the intention to get pleasure
in the evening by adding more quantity of bhang
in their community also.

   2. Yes, and is locally known by the name of
bhang, ganja and charas in my province.

   19. Ganja and charas are not only used for
smoking, but also used for chewing (ganja chiefly).
The Brahmin puravia (as of Agra, Delhi, etc.)
who have some religious objection in smoking, use
ganja and charas in the form of sweet prepara-
tions, such as majum, kharek, fakki, yakuti, etc.

   23. Bhang, to my knowledge, I have never
heard used for smoking.

   28.

   29 (a) Ordinarily tobacco is mixed with ganja
and charas while smoking, and (b) exceptionally
dhatura seeds, opium, and sometimes betel-nut are
also used.

   The object of mixing tobacco while smoking
is nothing but to get clean smoke, as ganja and
charas both required washing with water before
use; and when wet they find sometimes difficulties
to kindle, and by mixing tobacco the fire will
take place to the substance easily, and. smoke will
come from the chillum very freely as the wet part
dried by adding tobacco. (b) Exceptionally,
dhatura seeds, opium, nux vomica, betel-nut are
also used by some and in joke to increase the nar-
cotic properties, as well as making a fool of others
or with some foul objects, as of stealing or of de-
bauchery.

   Bhang massala's ingredients are as follows:—
(1) poppy-head seeds, (2) rose, dry, unopened flower,
(3) almond seed, sweet, (4) charolee, (5) anise
(sometimes), (6) black or white pepper, (7) sugar,
(8) milk.

   30. These three drugs are consumed to a
greater extent in company than in solitude. Yes,
it is mainly confined to male sex in Guzerat than
female. But in Sind, and mostly in upper
country, bhang is equally used by both sexes when
of age. It is not usual for children to consume
any of these drugs.

   31. The habit of consuming these three drugs
is easily formed in company; and sometimes it
is difficult to break off; and there is a tendency in