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TEN-YEAR STANDARD FOR THE NATIVE ARMY OF BENGAL, 1867 TO 1876.

[Section II.

April; and 80 per cent. of all deaths from respiratory diseases are shown in the same months.
The fact that nearly 200 men have died on the march in the cold season within the last ten
years from fever or pneumonia, in the great majority of cases synonymous terms, demonstrates
how exposure tells on the debilitated sepoy, and indicates the necessity for avoiding night
marching in every case where a regiment has suffered severely in the previous months. In the
Frontier Force 80 per cent. of all deaths from respiratory diseases are included within these
months, and 63 per cent. of all deaths from fevers.

      "These are the figures on which the preceding remarks are based:-

        "In the aggregate for the ten years 1864-73, fevers, dysentery, and respiratory diseases
represent 70 per cent. of the total mortality; and if spleen disease, scurvy, dropsy, and atrophy
be classed along with these, as they should be, having regard to their etiology, one-fifth only
of the deaths remain to be otherwise accounted for.

        "The difference in the character of the fevers of the Native and the European is shown
by this, that in the months from May to October 70 per cent. of all fever deaths occur in
the European Army, and 30 per cent. from November to April; while in the Native army,
60 per cent. occur in the cold months, and 40 in the six hot months of the year. Respiratory
disease represents 20 per cent. of the mortality of the Native, and 5 per cent of that of the
European. But, on the other hand, hepatitis, which causes 1.59 per cent. of the Native
mortality, brings about 17 out of every hundred deaths of Europeans; heat apoplexy is shown
with a ratio of 11.51, as compared with 1.88 in the case of the Native; and heart disease
is responsible for 5.27 per cent. of the deaths of European soldiers, and for less than 2 per cent.
of the total Native mortality."

     In the ten years ending 1876, after excluding cholera, 64 per cent. of the total mortality
of the Native Army took place between November and April, and 36 per cent. between May
and October.

     In the European Army of Bengal, for the same ten-year period, 60 per cent. of the total
mortality occurred from May to October, and 40 per cent. from November to April.

   Components of the Death-rates of the
Native and European Armies of 1867-76
compared.

     The components of the death-rate were very nearly the same as represented above.
Fevers, dysentery and the allied diseases, and respiratory
diseases made up 77 per cent. of the total; and the remaining
23 per cent. was nearly identical in its composition.