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Medical Officers of the Army of India.

or at proper intervals along its course. If, on the contrary, no extra supply
of fresh water could be allotted to the latrine W, Cs., the lavatory waste is at
disposal for this purpose, 300—350 gallons of it being pumped or carried up into
the latrine tank which should be provided with a scum and grease trap, and the
rest being admitted to the connecting drain by siphon flush. However, if,
as is understood, the amount of water per head is to be raised, as a rule, to
15 gallons for European troops, there seems to be no valid reason why, in most
cases, 3 gallons of this should not be available, in the fresh state, for the
W. C. flush. A separate fresh supply should be aimed at, and it is
thought that if the matter of the quantities of water actually supplied and
actually used in each barrack be enquired into, it will be found that in most
cases, this can be effected with the pumping, and even with the pakhali, power at
disposal. A strict enquiry into the amount of water available, into the amount
supplied, and into the amount used is necessary before deciding this question.
It may merely be a matter of inadequate water at command, while the pumping
or other power is quite adequate; in which case it will often be possible by
deepening old wells or sinking new ones to get over the difficulty. If the supply
is adequate, the transport power may be augmented.

   The different latrine drains (four inch) should, it is suggested, be conducted
in comparatively short lengths, according to the exigencies of the site and their
mutual position thereon, to a five or six inch sewer-pipe, which may either be
placed in front or behind the latrines (according to the position of the barracks
and the advantages of the natural fall afforded); this five or six inch sewer should
either slope from one end to the other of the line of buildings, or from each
end to some intermediate point, from which another six-inch sewer will
conduct the collective drainage of all the latrines to the installation; a
manhole will be necessary at the junction of these two sewers, unless they
run in one continuous line to the installation. Manholes are required at
any considerable bends or variations in gradient, but in the small area to be
drained these should rarely be required. Where two or more regimental lines are
contiguous, these larger five-inch connecting sewers may be utilized to subserve
the off-flow from the latrines of more than one regiment; a six-inch connecting
sewer would possibly serve for three regiments. The lavatory waste water
provides the motive power of the system, and this can best be utilized by being
conducted to automatic flushing tanks, at the higher ends of the combining
sewer, one at each upper end of the sewer, if this is to slope to an intermediate
point for junction with the final collecting sewer; or the flushing tanks may be
placed at convenient intervals along the combining sewer, and they should be of

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