13

to keep clean; but if each house has a privy, then a much larger number would be
required; but this is a point of detail which can best be settled by local experience.
In any case whether public, punch or individual privies are erected, the establish-
ment of night-soil carts must be largely increased. The present filth carts are
disgusting, and proper tank carts, Bombay pattern, should be procured. As to
the privies themselves, below each seat should be placed an iron receptacle suffi-
ciently large to hold all the filth produced, and the bhunghi should fill his
basket at the privies and carry it away to the depôt where the carts stand. The
cart yoke should rest on a triangular iron stand to keep it level, and the filth
should be poured into it through a wide-mouthed iron funnel, such as is used in
Bombay, so as to prevent the ground being fouled. If the use of iron recepta-
cles below the privies is not rigidly insisted upon, the urine and ablution water
will soak into the ground, and will of necessity percolate into the wells. In fact,
until sewers are provided, the bathing water will do so though it should, if pos-
sible, be led into the nearest drain. The road-side gutters should be excavated
and kept uncovered as much as possible, and be lined with U shaped drains which,
under existing circumstances, should only be allowed to be used as channels for
the conveyance of storm and bathing water, but the liquid filth from the privies
should be rigidly excluded.

   47. As regards the habitations, no house should be allowed to cover a
depth of 70 feet without leaving a chowk in the centre for ventilation, and the
plans of every new house should be examined by the municipal engineer before
permission is given to build it. The following return shows the number of
houses built in each of the following years:—

   48. Ventilating openings should also be provided in the roofs, such as are
usually constructed to allow smoke to escape from cookrooms, and the eaves
should not be allowed to come nearer than 6 feet of the ground. One I saw
was brought down as low as within about 4 feet, so that it was impossible for
any air to get into the centre room in the house, which was said to be very
nearly 80 feet in length. The construction of windows should also be insisted
upon, and the verandahs should not be enclosed, and the houses should be lime-
washed internally at intervals, certainly not less than twice during a year.
Natives are always ready to lime wash before the celebration of the Dewali, and
similar action should be taken in the hot weather.

   49. All the wells, both public and private, should be covered and the wheels
round them should be fitted with an iron chain and bucket. There are many
ruinous houses in the town which should be pulled down and the debris be cleared
away as it only hides dirt.

   50. Only some of the streets are named, but every one should receive a
distinct name, and the houses should be numbered, even numbers being placed
on the right hand side, and odd ones on the left.

   51. Properly constructed boxes should be placed in the streets in conve-
nient sites, and the cutchra should not be deposited within the limits of the

   B 383—d