9

   27. The number and description of cattle is stated to have been at the time
of the census—

   As before remarked, the stables for these animals stand much in need of
improvement; but I was glad to see that in the 47 places where milch cattle are
kept the animals are tethered outside, and are not allowed inside the houses.
I am informed that the owners possess 373 head of cattle; but the herds are kept,
for the convenience of grazing, out in the country, at the distance of about 2 to
6 miles from Dharwar, and that only from 2 to 10 or 12 animals are brought
in daily by each owner to meet the demand for milk.

   28. The following offensive trades are carried on in Dharwar: the tanners
who reside in the outskirts of the town. There are seven families in the north-
west, who work six tan yards, and there are two on the north side, where only sheep
and goats' skins are tanned. There are no brick or tile kilns within town limits.
Burnt bricks are not used, and the demand for tiles is limited. The kilns for
tiles-making are situated on the north-west of the town, in the open space between
the fort and the jail. Tiles are also procured from villages 6 or 8 miles away.
There are 27 small kilns for the manufacture of earthen chatties, lotas, and
other small ware of the common sort. Articles of superior earthenware are
brought, it is said, from Khánápur, in the Belgaum District. There are 27 lime-
kilns, which are all of small size. There are 14 indigo dyers, but these places
are also small. The town is fairly well lighted, and the annual expenditure under
this heading amounted to Rs. 850-12-9 in 1875-76.

   29. The conservancy establishment works under the orders of the ener-
getic chairman of the municipality, Mr. Deputy Collector Dracup. In each of
the five wards a muccadum is responsible that the work is done efficiently. The
pay of each muccadum is 7 rupees per mensem; there are also 39 road-sweepers,
who, however, do not work all day, but only from 5 to 9 A.M. These are paid 2
rupees per mensem; 25 dust-bins have been erected to facilitate the collection of
the refuse, but there are only 2 scavenging carts employed which make three trips
daily. The cutchra so collected is deposited on the south of the town below the
Mhars' hill, and has been utilized in filling up excavations; and on the north-east
of the town it is deposited near a police chowkey in a pit dug close to the public
road leading to Hebli-Bahuti, from which it is dug out, after being allowed to remain
for months, when it is sold to cultivators. The last place is, in my opinion, dangerous
to the public, and should be closed. The collection now there should be covered
with earth and made into a garden. The cutchra might be burnt and the ashes
thrown into the pit privies before they were closed. The compost would be
valuable, and it might be removed and used in the fields, and the pit privies
could then be filled with earth or the ashes of burnt town sweepings, and the ashes
for the future should be applied to the night-soil at the privies themselves. I
am of opinion that it would be a good plan for the municipality to undertake
the removal of all the cutchra from the town, both that collected in private
compounds and in the public streets; and that they should remove it to the east
of the town to a regular lay stall, where it might be distributed to each cultivator
according to his requirements. I have no doubt that, if Mr. Robertson takes the
matter in hand, this difficult question will be brought to a successful and proper
issue; and I shall be much interested to see at my next visit what has been done
in this matter.

   B 157—3