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       As far as the arrangement of the Municipal Divisions will allow us we may make
the following rough calculation of the number of persons living in the central and
peripheral zones respectively :—

       In Jalewalyan and Chowni Nehangen there exist isolated blocks of houses,
which might almost be considered as hamlets, being surrounded as they are on all
sides by waste ground, gardens, etc., and the conditions in those areas resemble
closely those found in villages. The same applies to houses on the extreme out-
skirts of the city to the south.

       The peripheral zone for the most part, however, forms an unbroken extent of
city differing from the central zone, chiefly in the fact that the houses are low, that
there are many stables and cowsheds and in some parts small or larger compounds.
Roughly speaking this zone is about a quarter of a mile wide surrounding the
central area on the north, east and south. It comprises four great quarters,
Khazana, Gurba Singh, Ramgurian and Mahan Singh, lying roughly to the south-
west, south-east, east and north-east, respectively. The first in reality comprises
Katras Khazana, Hakiman, Karam Singh, the second Gurba Singh and Ghumarian
and the latter Baghian and Mahan Singh, but for our purpose the former names
will suffice. The areas spoken of will be seen on the map.

       Khazana contains a large proportion of country people and potters; it also
is a centre of Mahomedan and Kashmiri weavers who carry on their trade to a
large extent under petty employers. Gurba Singh is an extraordinarily densely
inhabited area occupied by a squalid population of potters, cowkeepers and culti-
vators. Ramgurian is chiefly remarkable as being largely populated by those
who go into the central zone to work under shopkeepers or in the manifold trades
carried on in Amritsar. There are also large communities of middle and low class
Sikhs who carry on such work as carpentering and a considerable number of
Kashmiris. Mahan Singh is a crowded quarter largely occupied by cowkeepers
and Kashmiris.

       The immediate surroundings of Amritsar appear at first sight as a maze of
waste land, excavated tracts and large pools of water, the general features being
shown in the accompanying map (Map III). Considered more carefully it can be