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the whole year they are never free from the soakage of water from springs. In-
stances of such gardens are—Barons, Neora Nuddy, Baradighi, and Telepara, in
all of which the whole garden areas are intersected by innumerable streams and
swampy hollows with running springs; it will be seen from the list of endemic
indices that the rate on these gardens is more than usually high.

     MALARIA AMONG EUROPEANS AND BENGALIS.—Though the European in the
Duars is generally to all appearances in good health, enquiry will often show that
he is constantly getting what he calls " touches of fever," and even if he re-
pudiates ever getting fever, it will be found that he is subject to " goes of liver"
or " bile, " which are but the interpretation he puts upon the symptoms of
a malarial attack. Among some sixty persons resident in the Dam Dim district
to our knowledge over fifty have suffered from attacks of fever (malaria) during
the year. In many cases the attacks have been very mild, probably because
quinine is now being very generally used as a prophylactic, some forty-five out
of the sixty persons having made more or less systematic use of this drug since
May 1907.

     The parasite most frequently found is the malignant tertian, although among
native children the proportion of different forms of parasite is about equal. Among
effects of malaria in Europeans may be noted the common presence of anæmia at
the end of the rainy season, a large number of observations having shown that at
this time of the year the average hæmoglobin percentage is about 85 per cent. of the
normal; some four or five months later at the end of the dry weather it approxi-
mates, however, to 100 per cent. Enlargement of the spleen was found in five
out of thirty-two residents in the Dam Dim district.

     The Bengali babus are still more subject to malaria. They live in houses
that are generally situated in the very midst of the tea-house lines; and they
and their families suffer often in a terrible way from malaria. So much so is this
the case that it is customary for babusto leave their families in their own country
or to have them up for a few months at a time only; and the explanation
invariably given is that ill-health makes this necessary.

     LIABILITY TO INFECTION.—A factor which we must emphasise, since it is to our
minds one of the conditions always associated with Black-water Fever countries,
is that, quite apart from the amount of malaria any resident may appear to be
suffering from, he is exposed almost daily to inoculation with sporozoits.
Anopheles, especially the small dark M. Listoni and M. Funestus, the most
notorious malaria carriers, are not easily detected within a mosquito net;
they are also much more persistent in gaining an entrance and they
frequently bite by day. The result is that very few Europeans, even when