232               A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS.

bile in the intestines ; the dung is light or clay coloured, and the
stench considerable. The animal is weak, very dull and comatose.
Death may result in these cases.

Treatment.—All grain should be withheld. Freshly-cut green
grass, fruits, etc., given a little at a time and often.

The bowels may be relieved with a dose of—

Artificial Carlsbad salts as given by Wallis Hoare may be tried —

Divide into four powders ; give one once or twice a day dissolved in
drinking water or in a ball followed by a drink.

Epsom salts in 6-oz. doses twice a day till bowels are freely
opened.

                      RUPTURE OF THE LIVER.

This organ is liable to be ruptured when in a state of advanced
disease after a severe fall or blow, colic, etc. Those dealing with
elephants are aware of the terrific force with which they knock each
other about when fighting. Though a haing has no tusks, his
strength is often so great as to be able to knock a full-grown elephant
off his legs if he catches him in the right place. Such violence
tends to bring about the rupture of an organ, more especially so when
in a state of disease.

Symptoms—Appear quite suddenly and are those of internal
haemorrhage as described under " Rupture of the Spleen."

                   DISEASES OF THE SPLEEN

Cannot be diagnosed during life. Changes which occur in
the spleen are usually due to secondary processes in the course
of. some of the infectious fevers, septicaemia, pyaemia, but espe-
cially in anthrax, in which disease it may be found enormously
enlarged.

The symptoms of disease of the spleen are too obscure to be noted.