PARASITES.                                        269

(a)   Ascaris lonchoptera may be met with in common with
other round worms, they are from 1½ to 2½ inches in length.

Symptoms.—Generally absent ; presence known by observing
them in the dung.

(b)   Two species of Uncinaria (Anchylostomes or Dochmius)
have been described :—

      (i) Dochmius Sangari (Cobbold), so called after Sangar
            of Circus fame, who lost all his performing herd of
            elephants through this worm. The male measures
            ⅝ inch and the female ¾ inch.

Symptoms.—Severe diarrhoea which resisted all treatment.

      (ii) Uncinaria os papiliatum (Ostertag), which is stated
            to occur only in Indian elephants.

In the Report of the Imperial Bacteriologist for 1902-03,
paragraph 69, Dr. Lingard mentions having examined specimens of
elephants' blood which indicated death from Uncinaria os
papiliatum, lately described by Professor Ostertag as occurring
solely in Indian elephants.

The following is a translation from the " Berliner Tierärztliche
Wochenschrift," which appeared in the " Veterinary Record," dated
18th April 1903 :—

"WORMS IN ELEPHANTS—BY PROFESSOR SCHMALTZ.

" Busch's Circus in Berlin had at the pantomime a herd of
elephants freshly imported from India by Hagenbeck, of Hamburg.
Two of these elephants died a short time after each other, and
through the kind offices of Veterinary Surgeon Klingner, who
holds the position of Veterinary Surgeon to the Circus, they were
presented to the Anatomical Institute of the Veterinary University
to be placed in the museum. Naturally the cause of death was
examined.

"Post-mortem gave an interesting and similar state of things
in each subject in many points. Both carcases were blood warm and
hydræmic. The subcutaneous tissue was so soaked and saturated
that on cutting through it yellow watery fluid collected.

" In some cases under the skin were flabby swellings. The
whole of the muscular tissue was extremely pallid, and its colour a
clear brick red. In the abdominal cavity large quantities of clear
fluid.

" The internal organs up to the small intestine were generally
healthy. This was reddened externally; its contents were tinged