ANTI-RINDERPEST INOCULATION OF CATTLE                 11

and occasionally severe swellings may be caused if it is injected subcutaneously.
It is advisable to use not less than 50 c.c. of the solution for calves and up to 150
c.c. or more for large animals.

         In carrying out serum-simultaneous inoculations it is strongly recommended
that an ample supply of Trypanblue should be available. It is not necessary to
wait for confirmation of the diagnosis of piroplasmosis by blood smear examina-
tion, but it is advisable to inject the drug without delay when a fever reaction
occurs on the evening of the 6th day or later, or when hyperpyrexia is exhibited.
If the complication is due to B. bigemina, then a rapid drop in the temperature
occurs. If high fever continues, it is probably not due to these parasites, but the
injection of Trypanblue will have done no harm.

         (b) Theileriasis. This infection is probably more widespread than that with
B. bigemina. The parasites most commonly responsible for this disease in India
are known as Theileria mutans which are much smaller than B. bigemina ; usually
seen inside the red blood corpuscles as minute rod-shaped organisms or as very
small " rings ". (Plate I, fig. 2). The most usual form of the disease is a very
chronic or " carrier" infection in which ill effects are not recognisable. It is
possible that although the parasites may increase slightly in number during a
rinderpest reaction they seldom cause serious disease due to resuscitation in the
same way as occurs with the Redwater parasite. When, however, inoculated with
rinderpest blood, the organisms may set up an acute and severe disease in suscep-
tible animals, particularly in imported stock and sometimes in cross-breds,
         (Chart 12). The reaction consists in very high fever (106°F. or more) occurring
not as suddenly as in Redwater, but it is continued steadily for a number of days.
During this stage of high fever parasites may not be very frequent in the blood
stream. Subsequently the temperature fluctuates and parasites then become very
numerous in the red blood corpuscles. A common symptom is lachrymation and
watery discharge from the nostrils. Treatment with Trypanblue usually has no
appreciable effect. (Chart 12). In animals that succumb, the structures known
as " Blue bodies " identical with those seen in East Coast fever of Africa may be
detected in the spleen and other lymphoid tissue, and these bodies may also be
seen in lymphatic gland puncture smears made during life at the height of the
disease. (Plate I, fig. 3). These bodies may also occasionally be found in blood
smears.

         Unfortunately at the present time no specific treatment is known for the acute
severe form of Theileriasis in cattle. The drug " Plasmoquine " is under trial at
the present time, and in some cases it appears to have a beneficial effect in
reducing the fever. It is given by intramuscular injection in doses up to 30 c.c. of