16     THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [I, I

         Province and the North Punjab and probably all over North-West India, and he
regards the disease as being "probably quite common", occurring as it does up
to an altitude of 6,000 feet. In Madras and the adjoining countries, the disease
has been recorded from the Ceded and Northern Districts [Pantulu, 1920];
Negapatam [Parameswaran, 1920]; Coorg [Shastry, 1920]; Kistna District
[Venkatesa Ayyar, 1920]; Kuppam [Ramachandra Ayyar, 1923]; Kamalapuram
[Ramanathan, 1923]; and Gudalur and an adjacent estate [Venkatachala Ayyar,
1924]. The disease has also been described from various localities in the Central
Provinces, by Misra [1927] and Gopal Krishnan [1928], whilst the records at the
Muktesar Institute contain reference to suspected outbreaks in Bettiah Raj (Bihar)
in 1917-18 and at Sitapur (U. P.) in 1927.

                           INCIDENCE AND SEASONAL OCCURRENCE.

         Cattle of all kinds are susceptible to the disease, irrespective of their age,
breed, condition or their having previously suffered from one or more attacks of
the same disease, and as many as four successive attacks have been observed to
occur in the same animal [Freer, 1910], although there is an immunity of at least
six weeks after each recovery. Swaminatha Ayyar [1920], in Madras, found that
suckling calves were " practically immune."

         According to Freer [1910] and Edmonds and Walker [1929], calves are more
resistant to the disease than older animals and fat animals suffer more than those
in low condition, but Bevan [1907] states that " experience has proved this idea
to be a fallacy; cattle in poor condition have proved equally susceptible."
Occasional cases of natural infection in sheep have also been observed [Bevan,
1907 ; Edmonds and Walker, 1929].

         The disease makes its appearance in a sudden manner and quite a number
of animals may become affected within the first day or two, whilst intervals
of many miles have sometimes been found to occur between the various infected
areas [Bevan, 1907, 1923]. As remarked by Edmonds and Walker [1929], it would
be more appropriate to speak of the disease as having] " jumped " rather than
having " spread."

         In regard to the percentage of incidence of the disease, Edmonds and Walker
[1929] roundly place it at about 50 per cent. and Futamura [1922], in Japan, also
gives the same percentage for what he designates " bovine influenza ", whilst,
according to Gray [1915-16], in South Africa 40 to 50 animals in a herd may be
affected. Rabagliati [1924] states that in 1909 there were 389 cases in Egypt,
the affection being eventually carried to the Egyptian Serum Institute, where 54
out of 120 animals became affected. Curiously, between 1909 and 1924, there