340 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [II, IV

sides of the body. The point of bifurcation lies at a distance of 0.09 from the
posterior extremity.

Out of the ten toto preparations of males that were studied, two had three
testes, five had four, two had five and only one had six. They lie just beneath the
cuticle, in one row, on the dorsal aspect, posterior to the union of the anterior
portion of the worm with the rest of the body. Their shape and size varies very
much. They may be round, oval or somewhat irregular. The smallest of them
measured 0.033 × 0.021 and the largest 0.14 × 0.076. In the majority of the
specimens it was found that the anteriormost testis was the largest in size. They
may lie side by side, overlap each other or may in some cases be separated from one
another by some distance. Immediately anterior to the first testis is the vesicula
seminalis which in preserved specimens appears oval, elliptical or pear-shaped. It
measures 0.032 — 0.038 × 0.02 - 0.03. In the majority of instances it was found
filled with sperms. From this proceeds a fine canal known as the ejaculatory duct
which opens on the ventral surface almost at the commencement of the ventral
groove. It measures 0.082 — 0.088 in length. The muscular cirrus found in other
trematodes is absent.

Female.—The female is cylindrical, more or less like a whip, the posterior
portion being thicker than the anterior. Both the extremities are tapering. The
posterior portion of the body appears to be somewhat dark on account of the black
intestinal contents and the development of the vitellaria. It lodges in the gynæco-
phoric canal of the male worm during copulation and is seen with some parts
projecting externally on account of its greater length. It measures 8.25 — 11 in
length and the maximum thickness attained in the region of the common intestinal
cæcum is 0.103 — 0.203.

The cuticle of the body is smooth except the posterior end which bears small
spines.

The oral sucker is oblique and is not so distinct as in the case of the male. It
is small, spiny and less muscular and measures 0.05 - 0.1 × 0.037 - 0.048. The
ventral sucker in the majority of cases is not visible externally, but can be seen
retracted within the body. In one instance only, out of seven stained preparations
examined, could it be seen outside the body. It is circular and measures 0.038 -
0.041 in diameter.

The oral sucker is immediately followed by the œsophagus, the pharynx being
absent. It measures 0.106- 0.18 in length. No great development of the œsopha-
geal glands around it is seen, as in the case of the male. It bifurcates into two
intestinal cæca which pass posteriorly along the sides of the body for a distance of
4.42 - 6.3 and unite to form a common intestinal cæcum. This latter passes