194 INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ III, II

enlargement of the male sex organs and particularly of the seminal vesicles,
following injection of the urine of pregnant women into male rats or mice.
Recently Jongh and Laqueur [1931] have shown that the ovarian hormone arrests
the development of the testes and the dependent male sex organs, but the sub-
stance from the anterior pituitary or apparently a substance identical with it, as
found in the urine of early pregnancy, promotes the development of the testes
and the associated sex organs. The considerable enlargement of the testes after the
administration of the anterior lobe hormone when present is insignificant as com-
pared with the striking increase (30 times or more) in the size of the seminal
vesicles. They further studied the action of this hormone on the genitals of senile
male rats and have found that the sex organs are reactivated, interstitial tissues
are increased and seminal vesicles are enlarged again by means of gravid urine.
Gerard [1931] showed that the testicle of the hedgehog which is normally quiescent
in the winter reacts to injection of pregnacy urine by marked activity of the inter-
stitial cells. The seminal vesicles and prostate in the young animal become rapidly
enlarged after injection. Interesting results have been obtained by Foucin [1931],
who found that the injection of urine from pregnant women in the immature testis
of the guinea pig rendered cryptorchid by operation, causes the interstitial tissue to
develop rapidly. The contents of the seminal tubules were unaffected. Develop-
ment of the seminal vesicles ran parallel with that of the interstitial gland and
these organs attained to full size as in normal animals. Various drugs like glucose
[Zondek, 1931], and suphosalicylic acid [Crew and others, 1931] have been used to
render the urine less toxic on experimental mice or treated animals. In cases of
endocrinal or dietetic deficiency [Meigs, 1927] readjustment of diet is necessary. In
obesity, reduction in the quantity of food and moderate exercise are indicated.

Since it is well known that mares failing to hold to one sire sometimes do so
readily to others, Todd [1931] considers it a sound procedure to recommed the use
of a second sire to obviate sterility in cases where a foal is a financial consideration.

Therapeutic drugs except when given as tonics are useless in cases of male
sterility. In studying the stimulation of guinea pig sperms suspended in a glucose
saline fluid, bufferred at pH 8 by means of drugs, Baker [1931] found that strychnine
hydrochloride had a marked stimulating effect at 1/16, 1/64, 1/256 per cent. Bru-
cine hydrochloride, which was half as poisonous, has the same stimulating effect
on sperms. He expressed the hope that this discovery might find practical appli-
cation in medicine and agriculture wherever sterility be due to inactivity of sperms.

As already mentioned, the mere changes in the hydrogen-ion concentration of
the semen has a profound effect upon the motility of the spermatozoa and therefore
on the fertility of a male. Unterberger [1930] reports that the addition of bicarbonate