DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY IN STALLION AND BULL 195

of soda to the vaginal contents during coitus results in the cure of many cases of
sterility. This is perhaps due to the correction of excessive acidity which is found
in the vaginal contents of these sterile cases. The work of Anderson, Peter and
Healey [1921] suggests that douching of the vaginal canal before coitus with a
strongly bufferred solution, as phosphates, bicarbonates of the required pH (7.3 in
the case of stallions), may produce beneficial results.

In man, diathermy and massaging of the prostate and testicles have been
recommended for sterility accompanied with sluggish motility of sperms, but these
operations would not seem practicable in the case of the larger animals.

Human physicians claim that 40 grains of the anterior lobe of the pituitary and
12 grains of desiccated suprarenal daily have cured cases of sterility in the human
male by increasing motility, number and size of the sperms. Jakeman [1931] says
that many cases of sterility attributed to testicular dysfunction are doubtless due
to anterior pituitary deficiency and may be corrected by the administration of
anterior pituitary in doses ranging from 3 to 10 grains per day and presumably he is
referring to cattle. From the above, a dose rate may be worked out, as such
experimental treatment would certainly seem indicated. Proprietary preparations
are obtainable from several manufacturers, for example :—

        (1)  Carnrick & Co.'s " Viriligen " is indicated in lowered virility and sexual
                neurasthenia of functional origin. It presents desiccated extracts of
                anterior pituitary, suprarenal cortex, lymph, brain and spinal cord sub-
                stance, and. 1/10 gr. thyroid. It is obtainable in tablets, capsules or
                ampoules from Messrs. B. K. Paul & Co., 1, Bonfield's Lane, Calcutta.

        (2)  The Veterinary Division of Glandular Laboratories of America, 72, Cort-
                landt Street, New York City, prepares glandular preparations for ex-
                clusive use in animals. Two pluriglandular preparations are available
                for the treatment of sterility in the male, viz. " Semidrol " for intramus-
                cular injection and " Prosek " for oral administration.

        (3)  Armour & Co.'s " Ovotestis ". Frei [1930] recommended the use of this
                preparation " Ovotestis " in cases of nymphomania, but no reference
                to its use in the male is available [Tutt, 1931].

At the end of such treatment the seminal fluid should be examined for sperms.
From the nature of the ingredients in the above preparations it appears that
" Ovotestis " is not likely to be so useful as the first two in the condition under
reference.

Implantation of gonads [Miller, 1931] into various domesticated animals of both
sexes, which had apparently ceased to breed, has been carried out by various