224 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [III, III.

tently detected (Plate XVII, fig. 1). Experience has repeatedly shown that the
demonstration of the actual parasite, once the typical lesions had been seen, depended
upon the examination of a sufficient number of serial sections, although the growths
in a majority of cases were excised only at a late stage of the disease, when one
might have expected that the most interesting stages of the disease process had
passed off.

The usual picture of Bursati consists of an inflammatory granulation tissue in-
volving the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, characterised by a profound eosino-
philia and the presence of well-defined areas of degeneration. These areas represent
sections of the so-called kunkurs (Plate XVII, Fig. 1), which have been known since
the earliest times to form a typical clinical feature of these growths, and in the
centre of these, sharply margined empty spaces are frequently seen. Since the
causal parasites are very fragile and soon lose their distinguishing features, it is
often difficult to detect them without great perseverance. Only odd parasites are
found actually lying free in the supporting matrix of the growth. The large
majority of the larvæ are found enclosed in what appear to be capillary vessels,
the majority of which are probably venules (Plate XIV, fig. 2 and Plate XV, fig.
2), since in the centre of the kunkurs one often observes a delicate-walled structure
with a well-defined lumen and containing eosinophile cells or blood pigment. In
the earliest stage of an individual lesion, the worm larvæ are found invariably to
form the nucleus of the commencing degenerative changes (Plate XV, fig. 1); and
concentration of toxic products appears to be much higher in the immediate sur-
roundings of the worm than at the periphery, where the degenerative process gradu-
ally subsides into the healthy tissue. Since the toxin diffuses for the same distance
in all directions, the degeneration area is often seen to have a round or oval contour
(Plate XVII, fig. 1). In early lesions around the parasite the cellular constituents
predominate, the earliest picture being represented by an accumulation of lympho-
cytes in foci, supported by scanty, thin, fibrillary strands of connective tissue,
disposed in a loose and circular manner. In the centre of these, a blood vessel with
the enclosed larva is almost invariably to be seen as forming the nucleus for the
nodule (Plate XVIII, fig. 1). In a few sections, however, the typical early lympho-
cytic reaction has been seen around an unoccupied capillary. In others the usual
appearance of diffusive degenerative changes around a vessel, containing eosinophile
leucocytes mainly, but no worm or its remnants, has been seen. The reactions are
obviously due to the parasite in both these types of sections, it having been missed
as a result of the sectioning knife passing at a different level. Around the indivi-
dual nodular lesions an attempt at delimiting the parasitic action is manifested by
the formation at most of two or three concentric rings of connective tissue, but the