BOVINE NASAL GRANULOMA IN HYDERABAD STATE                 347

to this. Since there is a period of incubation before the actual symptoms of snoring
appear, it is reasonable to assume that the disease was prevailing for a longer
period than that stated.

The affected animals were of the Krishna valley type and belonged to different
cultivators; one man having as many as seven. The animals consisted of the
following:—

No buffalo was seen affected. Only one bullock is said to have died of the
disease.

The village Inagol is in Madira taluka of Warangal district and is about a
couple of miles away from the border line of the Dominions with the Madras
Presidency. Working bullocks go with the carts as far as Bezwada (Madras
Presidency), the nearest marketing centre. The veterinary inspector toured in the
neighbouring area and visited nine villages all around Inagol, but nowhere else
was he able to discover a case of this disease. This fact, combined with the
history that the disease had not been noticed any time previously at Inagol or
anywhere else in this district, goes to show that the infection had been imported
from the neighbouring British territory where its existence has already been
established.

It would be easy for an imported animal infected with the disease to contami-
nate the common water supply, which would thus become a source of spread of
the disease. The village is situated between a rivulet on the one hand and a fairly
big lake on the other. Besides these there is also a channel where water can
stagnate. The rainy season usually brings water in plenty. These are the sources
of water supply to the animals that are often grazed along their banks.

As the lake and rivulet were dry at the time of my visit, living snails for
examination were not available, but an attempt to discover the intermediate host
was made by collecting the snail shells that were available, and these were forward-
ed to the Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar, for identification.
These were identified as Viviparus bengalensis which are considered unlikely
to be the intermediate host of Schistosoma spindalis.

A recent interesting finding in this connection, that may be mentioned here.
is that of snails of Limnea luteola (Lamarck) type that liberated cercaria and redia,
in the tank at Borlam, Nizamabad district, while we were making a search for the