OBSERVATIONS ON THE TREATMENT OF BOVINE NASAL
                                         SCHISTOSOMIASIS

                                                    BY

                             M. ANANT NARAYAN RAO, G.M.V.C.,

                                      Lecturer in Parasitology,

                                                   AND

                           S. VAITHYANATHA MUDALIAR, G.M.V.C.,

                                         Assistant Lecturer,

                                    Madras Veterinary College.

                      [Received for publication on 3rd March 1936]

                                             Introduction

Bovine nasal granuloma, or to be more accurate bovine nasal schistosomiasis,
seems to exist only in India so far as is known at present. Recently it has been
reported from Ceylon. There are no records available to show how long ago
this disease made its appearance in India, but Malkani [1933] says that its pre-
valence has been known in parts of Bihar and Orissa for over a century and it
is more than likely that it existed in this country from the remote past.

The morphology and the intermediary hosts of the parasite, the histopatho-
logy and the symptoms of this peculiar schistosomiasis of cattle and buffaloes
are now known. Still there are gaps in our knowledge regarding such points as
other definitive hosts, if any, the regional distribution of the disease, the conditions
governing such distribution, its therapy and control. In this paper the present
authors record their observations regarding its therapy.

The earliest recorded account of the treatment of this disease is by Jeysing
Raj [1908] who adopted surgical methods, for which purpose he invented two
scoops. Theagaraj [1919] and Subramaniam [1919] attempted to treat such
animals by rubbing a mixture of powdered copper sulphate and alum to the lesions
in the nose without success.

Parthasarathi [1921] was the first in the field to adopt a successful method
of treatment by injecting intravenously solutions of tartar emetic and this he did
at a time when nothing was known about the etiology of the disease. This line of
treatment was followed by Bhuvarahachari [1922] and others.

In the annual reports of the Madras Civil Veterinary Department, mention
has been made from 1925-26 onwards of the number of animals successfully
treated with tartar emetic. It would appear from records available on the subject
that most of the work on the treatment of this disease with tartar emetic was
done in the Madras Presidency, but the absence of information regarding deaths
during the course of treatment is conspicuous. In the annual report of the Civil

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