H. D. SRIVASTAVA                            321

though it is not necessary. If the solution is not siphoned off, then 15
to 20 minutes should be allowed to lapse before further treatment.
Carbon-di-sulphide is then administered in capsule or by stomach tube in a
dose of 6 fluid drm. (24 c.c.) to an animal weighing 1,000 lbs. No purgative
should be used with this treatment. Prophylaxis is a matter of proper disposal
of manure and the sanitation of the stables.

In cases of cutaneous habronemiasis or ' Bursati' the following astrin-
gent powder is applied until the wounds are healed. Plaster of paris 100,
alum 20, naphthalin 10 and quinine 10 parts. Good results are reported from
the use of a caustic paste composed of arsenious oxide 1 part and flour 5
parts. Washing the sores with ether or chloroform and then painting them
with colloidin has also been recommended. Some prefer the use of 5 to 10
per cent formalin applied by means of a cotton pad which is left on the sores
for two or three hours every day. As a measure of control skin injuries should
be protected from flies ; though in view of Datta's findings, from which it
appears that the lesions are produced through the general circulation, wound
infection obviously plays an insignificant rôle.

                     THE NECK THREAD-WORM

The ligamentum nuchae of the horse is often infested with a long, slender,
coiled worm known as Onchocerca cervicalis. In the life-cycle of this parasite
certain biting flies, known as midges, act as intermediate host. The worms
weaken the resistance of the ligamentum nuchae by irritation and the forma-
tion of small nodules. The larval forms of this parasite are suspected to be
responsible for the production of fistulous withers and Lichen tropicus or
' Khoojlee ' in horses. Treatment and prophylaxis are obviously difficult.

                           THE EYE-WORMS

Two minute, whitish, slender worms belonging to two different genera
Thelazia and Setaria are often found affecting the eyes of horses. They
are most commonly found in the lachrymal ducts, or beneath the eyelids.
They may cause conjunctivitis, and the cornea may become opaque. They
can be easily removed by surgical operation after the instillation of a local
anaesthetic. The life-cycle of these parasites is unknown.

                     EQUINE MICROFILARIASIS

The literature on equine microfilariasis is very scanty. The occurrence
of microfilariae in equines is not common, nor are the larvae usually associated
with any definite clinical symptoms. In rare cases, when microfilariae are
present in large numbers they may produce anaemia, general lassitude and
debility. There are, however, two important conditions— Lichen tropicus
and Periodic Ophthalmia—of equines which are caused by unsheathed