R. C. CHATTERJI                                     327

such intermediate hosts. The infective larvae become free in the bird's gizzard
and within 24 hours penetrate the wall of the gizzard, grow to maturity and in a
period of approximately 90 days the gravid females lay eggs.

               FAMILY FILARIIDAE (COBBOLD, 1864) CLAUS, 1885

                 SETARIA BERNARDI RAILLIET AND HENRY, 1911

Host.—Pig.
Location.—Peritoneal cavity.
Locality.—Kemmendine slaughter house.

In June 1911 Railliet and Henry described Setaria congolensis from
Phacochoerus porcus in the French Congo. A month later Bernard and Bauche
obtained a second species from the peritoneal cavity of a pig at Hue in Annam,
but gave neither name nor figure, only description. Subsequently Railliet
and Henry [1911,2] studied Bernard and Bauche's form, pointed out its differ-
ence from S. congolensis and finally named it as S. bernardi. Thwaite [1927]
in his useful review of the genus Setaria notes the unfortunate absence of illus-
trations of either species and voices a suspicion regarding the validity of S.
bernardi. Lately Sandground [1933] provided two figures of S. bernardi—
the head end of the parasite and the caudal end of the male and on the strength
of three male specimens obtained by him from Quangtri in Annam, he concludes
that it is identical with S. congolensis. An attempt is here made to ascertain
the specific validity of S. bernardi mainly on the basis of a more comprehensive
account and suitable diagrams. Baylis [1936] has recently shown that a num-
ber of species created in recent years fall into synonymy and the multiplication
in number is due to the ignorance of certain variable characters found within
the species. He has shown that S. buxi Bhalerao 1933, S. cervi Maplestone
1931, S. altaica Rajewsky 1928 and probably S. nudicauda Ortlepp 1924 are all
synonyms of S. labiato-papillosa or more correctly, as Baylis puts it, of S.
cervi [Rud. 1819]. S. digitata v . Linsto 1906 described from cattle in Cey-
lon and afterwards by Boulenger [1921] from cattle in Burma has also been
considered by Purvis [1931] and Baylis [1936] as a synonym of S. cervi [Rud.
1819]. The author has studied the present form and in his opinion the present
species is quite distinct from S. congolensis Railliet and Henry 1911 or S. cervi
[Rud. 1819].

Description.—Body white, filiform, cylindrical and attenuated at both
extremeties, more attenuated posteriorly than anteriorly. Head continuous
with the body without any definite demarcation and provided with two lateral
and four pairs of submedian papillae. Cuticle with fine transverse striations,
inconspicuous at head ends. Mouth enclosed by chitinous peribuccal ring,
the dorsal and ventral margins of which are indented whereas the lateral

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