80

majority of the mares inspected were either in foal or had foals at foot. I was
further informed that those seen on my visit in no way represented the actual
number of good mares in the State.

The State possesses a stud at Kot Kapura which I inspected in company
with His Highness the Rajah of Faridkote. I strongly recommended its aboli-
tion, consisting as it does of very old worn out mares which are only an ex-
pense to the State.

Four stallions are kept by the State to cover the zemindari mares, but
with one exception they are unfitted for stud work.

In lieu of the stud, I recommended that His Highness should place good
stallions at the disposal of his subjects and should purchase the young stock,
running it on one of the "Birs;" this would ensure the State being supplied
with a good class of horse fit for its requirements.

A start has been made by the State purchasing a good Arab stallion and
a donkey, and I trust to see this vastly extended as I feel that, situated as it
is close to some of the best horse-breeding centres in the Punjab and possess-
ing as it does within its boundaries a very great number of excellent mares,
it could at least provide work for 6 stallions with profit to itself and with great
advantage to its zemindars.

Having now completed the review shewing the progress made towards the
development of horse and mule breeding in the Native States whose terri-
tories lie in the Punjab, I think that the assistance given by the various Chiefs
must be looked upon with satisfaction. It is only natural to expect that per-
fect order cannot be produced from chaos in one visit, and I feel that time
alone will bring the system to anything like the perfection which it has reach-
ed in the different districts of the Punjab.

Three points I shall continue to impress upon the Chiefs, viz.:—

The abolition of home studs These generally are so badly supervised
that no success can be expected.

The supply of good stallions for the use of mares, the property of the
zemindars.

In lieu of home studs, that it will be advisable to purchase the produce of
the stallions supplied by the State, and to rear it in the run now reserved for
the State.

I feel confident that if these recommendations are gradually adopted, not
only will the various States be able to produce remounts in sufficient numbers
to supply their own wants, but that many will ultimately find their way into
the ranks of the Native Cavalry.

                     WESTERN STATES OF RAJPUTANA

282. I purpose now to review the horse breeding operations in the Western
States of Rajputana which I was able to visit during my tour ; these comprised
Ulwar, Jeypore, and Jodhpur.

Ulwar.

382. This State is far in advance of any other visited by me, as far as any
practical results can be anticipated from horse breeding.

The stallions employed consisted of :—