6

epithelial cells of a yellowish or greyish colour. The sick animal fre-
quently moves the jaw and grinds the teeth. The muffle swells; its
epithelium softens and is removed. The buccal membrane sometimes
presents, in addition to its congested appearance and its yellowish red
colour, which is very manifest on the gums, the sides and inferior surface
of the tongue, ecchymosed patches more or less hidden by epithelium
which has become thickened. The papillæ are congested. The thicken-
ing of the epithelial layer which covers the mucous membrane of
the mouth is not always regular. The mucous membrane of the
mouth often presents an uneven appearance with a greater or less
number of saliant points, at the level of which the thickening has been
more pronounced; at these points the derm of the mucous membrane
has been more congested than at others. For this reason the epithe-
lium of the mouth easily desquamates; it detaches itself in small
masses from the more thickened points and is removed with the saliva.
This desquamation occurs on the surface of the whole of the mucous
membrane and more especially in certain spots, the labio gingival
cushion, cheeks, tongue, etc., in the form of plaques or grains. The result
is that the derm is denuded at a number of points, and there presents
itself of a reddish-yellow colour. The reddish colour which the saliva
sometimes assumes is explained by this epithelial desquamation; the derm
being denuded, its capillaries congested and distended with blood,
may be the seat of hæmorrhage, and blood thus becomes mixed "with
the saliva. The lips are almost invariably swollen, and vesicles may be
sometimes seen resembling those of aphtha and formed by the collection
of serous material beneath the epithelium.

In Europe these changes in the structures of the mouth are almost
invariably met with. In India, on the other hand, they are by no means
well marked, but they are occasionally met with in severe outbreaks of
the disease. If the mouth be carefully examined, we may observe
in some cases irregular patches of congestion and invariably a dark
congested appearance at the posterior part, fauces and pharynx,
and in some cases erosions will be met with there; but as regards
the tongue and labio gingival membrane, the characteristic appearance
which constitute the pathognomonic symptoms in Europe are frequently
wanting.

The abdomen becomes tender, painful on pressure; the animal looks
round at the flanks, as in colic; it paddles with the hind feet which are
brought well under the belly; it frequently switches the tail, and in
this manner indicates the presence of abdominal pain.

The rectal mucous membrane is hyperærnic, swollen, red and infiltrated.

There are rumblings of the bowels, borbyrygma, often audible at some
distance, which indicate the progress and aggravation of the disease,
and that the constipation which existed at first is about to give place